Thermodynamics is a science and, an important engineering tool used to describe processes that involve changes in temperature, transformation of energy, and the relationships between heat and work. Thermodynamics where therme means "heat" and dynamics, means "power" is the study of energy conversion between mechanical ...

We know that combined wave function is given as: Ψ AB = Ψcovalent + λΨionic The percent ionic character is given by: [λ2/(1 + λ2)] X 100 Therefore, 20 = 100*[λ2/(1 + λ2)] ...

We will calculate the bond length, bond energy of CN and CN - species with the help of molecular orbital theory. Hence we first need the electronic configuration of the given species. For CN: CN has 13 electrons and its electronic configuration will be: CN: KK σ (2s)2 σ*(2s)2π ...

The rules for constructing the wave functions for the hybrid orbitals are given below: 1. Firstly we have to take the linear combination of wave function of the respective atomic orbitals for constructing the wave function of the hybrid orbitals. Hence the wave function of the ith ...

We know that molecular orbitals are formed by overlapping of atomic orbitals. This model uses the molecular orbital approach. For example the two molecular hydrogen molecules (H2) are formed by overlapping of two atoms of hydrogen atom. The energy of the two orbitals is different. One ...

What is Bond Length? Bond length is the average distance between the centers of the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. Shorter the bond length, larger is the value of bond energy. It is expressed in Angstrom units (Å) or picometers (pm). 1Å = 10-10m ...

Homonuclear molecules Homonuclear molecules are formed from only one element. That is why known as homonuclear. These molecules can consist of various numbers of elements which depends on the properties of the element. Some of the elements form molecules of more than one size. Nobel gases ...

Molecular orbital theory was proposed by F. Hund and R.S. Mulliken in 1932.Bonds is localized to two atoms as well as molecule. This theory involves involve distribution of electrons and sharing of electrons by the nuclei There is no place of resonance in this theory. ...