Electrical conductance of a conductor is defined as the capacity to store charge in it. Whenever charge is applied to an insulator its potential is raised to some certain level. Charge on a conductor and its electric potential are both directly proportional to each other. So, as we increase the charge electric potential also increases.
Or
Q=C V
Where, the variable C is the proportionality constant. It is also called capacitance. Capacitance of a conductor is affected by the shape and size of the conductor. Medium also affects the capacitance in which the conductor is placed. Capacitance is never affected by the material used to make the conductor.
If V=1 then
Q=C X 1
i.e. =C
Or C=Q
Refined definition of Capacitance is:
“It is the amount of charge required to increase its electric potential by unity”.
Farad is the S.I. unit of Capacitance. If we substitute the values in the above equation .V=1 volt, Q=1 coulomb, then the capacitance will be 1 farad.
According to the above result:
Capacitance of a conductor will be 1 farad if the charge of 1 coulomb raises the potential by 1 volt.
Some other units in which capacitance can be measured is:
1 Microfarad i.e. 1uuF=10 -12
1 Micro farad i.e. 1uF=10 -6
