Write a short note on the tundra region of biomes?

The tundra region is also known as the arctic hill. It occurs at the north of timberline. It occurs below the polar ice and occupies a vast area. It occurs mainly in the America, Europe and Asia. It is present in the arctic region and referred as arctic tundra. It is nonexistent in the southern hemisphere as this region is covered by the Antarctica region. The precipitation in this area is very little around 25 cm. It occurs in the form of snow. There is a large amount of snow fall in this area. So, the temperature is very low. It is very cold and the temperature is around minus 30 to 40 degree Celsius. Mostly there are strong winds and the storms. The summer extends around 2 months only. In this season the temperature can reach up to 10 degree Celsius. It is not that high which can melt the snow. It affects the ice present in the upper 10 cm. The rest of soil is permanently frozen which is referred as a permafrost condition. The freezing and thawing of upper layers form cracks. There is a plain as well as slope area which consists of multiple cracks which lead to the formation of ponds, pools and marshes in the summer season. Both vegetation and animal life exists in the biome. The flora is not much. This area is also known as the arctic desert as the growth of the vegetation is very little. The plants which complete their life cycle in summer and have the ability to tolerate these cold conditions are able to survive. They have shallow roots. The mosses and lichens are the most common vegetation found in this area. The bog moss is the most common moss and the reindeer moss is the most common lichen found in this area. The plants included are the grasses, sedges, shrubs and willows. The plants have a xerophytes character with the small and hairy leaves. The folding is present on their margins. There are no reptiles and amphibians in this region. Some of the arthropods appear in the summer. It includes the biting flies and mosquitoes. The animals are warm blooded with a protective covering of feathers and skin. They occur in the birds and mammals respectively. Mammals also have a layer of fat. The main birds in this area are owl and grouse. The main mammals in this area are the bear, hare, ox, fox, reindeer and weasels. Some of the birds appear in the summer area. A few animals reside in the caves and burrows. They hibernate in the winter. Some of them move to the temperate areas in the winter. This is a sensitive biome which cannot resist the major changes in the environment.